Tikaverenga nezve matangiro nemakuriro akaita ruzivo resvomhu pasi rose, tino katyamadzwa kuti hakuna zvakawanda zvakanyorwa pamusoro wezvakaitwa nevanhu Africa yevatema. Kushaikwa kwezvinyorwa uku kunopa kuti tifunge kuti hapana ruzivo rwesvomhu rwakakosha runobva munzvimbo iyi. Asi ichi ichokwadi here? Tichitarisa matangiro akaita svomhu tinoona kuti yaive mbesa yekuti vanhu vakwanise kubudirira mutsinhana nemukurima. Makore churu apfuura Africa yevatema yekawona kukwira kwemarudzi avanhu kwakawanda; kukwirira uku kuchibva mutsinhanha nemukurima; Kwakaita vanonzi vaNok vekuma dokero kweAfrica, kwoitawo vaBuganda kumabvazuva, koitawo vainzi vanhu veGreat Kongo vachiri kuwanikwa pakati peAfrica; tisinga kanganwi rudzi rwekwaMutapa vaiva vakavaka Dzimba Dzemabwe; pamarudzi ose awa nemamwewo akakwira nekudonha hapana here rudzi rwakaumba ruzivo rwesvomu, sokuti mamwe acho akanga akabudikira zvakanyanya tichitarisa pasi rose nguva iyoyo. Mubvunzo uyu wakandipa kuti ndiite tsvagiridzo munyaya iyi, izvi ndizvo zvimwe zvakakosha zvandakawana.

Pano ganhurana nyika dzeD.R. Congo neUganda ndipo pane muromo werwizi rweNaire (Nile) unonzi Lake Edward. Makore makumi maviri ezviuru apfuura (25,000 years ago), pane musha wevanhu wakadzika midzi pamuganhu uyu. Vanhu ava vairarama nekuita zvakasiyana siyana zvikafanana nekurima, kuvhima, kuredza nekukorokoza. Musha uyu wakaparadzwa nerwizi rwemoto rwunobva pasipasi papfuura makore ema zana.

Kuma 1950, imwe nyanzvi yekuchera zvakare inonzi Prof. J. de Heinzelin yakawana nzvimbo iyi apo iri mutsvagiridzo. Nzvimbo yakawanikwa paigara vanhu ava yakabva yatumirwa zita rekuti Ishango, sekuti ndiro raive zita revanhu vacho. Pane zvakachererwa pakawanikwa bonzo rinofungirwa kuti rine svomhu dzokutangisisa pasi rose. Bhonzo iri rinonzi Ishango Bone. Kusvikira nhasi, bhonzo iri rakachengetwa muimba yezvinokosha zvakudhara inonzi Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences iri muguta reBrussels, munyika yeBelgium.

Umbowo hwakatariswa nenyanzvi hunoti mafungiro  esvomhu akatanga kunyora kusati kwavepo. Zviratidzo zvesvomhu zvakanyanyo chembera zvinoziikanwa iye zvino zvakawanikwa munyika yeSwaziland. Zviratidzo izvi zvakatumirwa zita rokuti Lemobo Bone, huye zvinoratidza kuti zvaka gadzirwa makumi matatu neshanu dzezviuru zvamakore apfuura (35,000 years ago). Asi zvinyorwa zvinofungirwa kuti zvakatange tanhatu dzezviuru zvemakore apfuura (6,500 years ago). Bhonzo reLemobo, sebhonzo reIshango, ibhonzo regumbo regudo, rakatorwa rikachekererwa mutsetse mutsetse zvinoratidza kuti raishandiswa setsinhana yekuverenga zvinhu zvakaita semazuva.

Bhonzo reIshango rinoshamisa nekuti rinoratidza kuti vanhu veIshango vaikwanisa kuita svomhu dzakakwirira kudarika kuverengera zvinhu chete. Mavara ari pabhonzo iri anoratidza ruvara nehukama hwune manhumba.

Bonzo reIshango rakaratidzwa kuRoyal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, iri kuBrussels, Belgium (www.originpeople.org)

Pabhonzo iri pane mbiru mitatu yemitsetse mitsetse. Mune mbiru imwe neimwe mitsetse iyi yaka rongwa zvine zvazvinoreva musvomhu. Marogerwo akaita mutsetse iyi akarongwa sezvizvi:

Mbiru rokutanga: 19, 17, 13. 11

Mbiru rechipiri: 7, 5, 5, 1, 9, 8, 4, 6, 3

Mbiru rechitatu: 9, 19, 21, 11

De Heinzelin akadhirowa mivara iri paIshango(mufananidzo unobva kuna Vladimir Plester)

Mumufananidzo uripamusoro tinoona mbiru mitatu yakamakwa kuti G, M neD, anova ari mavara matatu erwurimi rweFrench anoti ruboshwe (Gauche), pakati (Milieu) nerudyi (Droite). Pane mbiru yekuruboshwe (G) tinoona mitsetse iri muzvikwata zvinemitsetse zvinoti 19, 17, 13, ne11. Musvomhu, zviverengo izvi zvinomirira anonzi maprime, zvinoreva kuti zviverengo zvisinga patsanurike zvakaenzana kunze kunge apatsanurwa kamwechete. Pane mbiru yechipiri tine zvikwata zvinoti 7, 5, 5, 10, 8, 4, 6, ne3. Tikatanga kurudyi, mutsetse mitatu ikapindudzwa ruviri inotipa mutsetse mitanhatu. Mitsetse ina ikapindudzwa ruvuri inotipa mitsetse sere. Mitsetse gumiwo ikatapudzwa nepakati inotipa mitsetse shanu. Saka kupindudza ruviri nekutapudza nepakati uku isvomhu dzikanga dzisingawanikwe kare ukoko. Totarisazve mbiru yekupedzisira ine zvikwata zvine mitsetse inoti 9, 19, 21 ne11. Tikati 10 – 1 tinowana 9, 20 – 1 tinowana 19, 20 + 1 inotipa 21, na10 + 1 anotipa 11. Izvi zvinotipa kuti tifunge kuti aya anga ari maverengero anobva mune nhumba yeshanu.

Sokuti hapana anoziva kuti mavara ari pabhonzo reIshango anorevei, pane tsananguro dzakawanda dzakaumbwa nevafungi vakuru vakatarisisa bhonzo iri. Pavamwe vevafungi ava pane anonzi Alexander Marshack, uyo anoti mavara aya aishandiswa kuteeredza mazuva emwedzi. Anotsigirirwa nevamwe vakaita saClaudia Zaslavsky anotiwo raishandiswa nemunhukadzi aida kuziva kuti nguva yemwedzi yakwana here. Umwewo anonzi Judy Robinson anokakavadza zvinotaurwa naMarshack nevamwe vakadaro, achiti hapana humbowo hwakakwana hwunotaridza kuti bonzo iri raive rekuverengera mazuva. Mafungiro aya anobva mukuti nyange nazvino, pane nyika dzichine vanhu vanoshandisa mabhonzo akaita sereIshango kuverenga mazuva. Pamusoro paizvozvo, vamwe vakaita sana Peter Rudman vanotiwo svomhu dzekupatsanura dzakanga dzisingaziikanwe kusvikira makore gumi echuru apera (10,000 BC), uyezve maprime numbers akazozikanwa makore mazana mashanu apfuura chete (500 BC).

Zvisinei vakawanda vanoti tsananguro idzi hadzigutsisi, pamusoro pekuti dzinotimanikidza kutambira kuti mutsetse dziri pabhonzo iri dzakangoiswa muzvikwata zvazviri nemhanza. Tisiri kuti izvi hazvigonesesi, asi maonero emunyori uyu anoti izvi hazvingango itiki itiki. Tichitarisa mavara aya, nemaisirwo aakaita, zvinorema chose kuti izvi zvinhu zvingangoitwa pasina kufunga kwakadzika. Ehe, zvingangove kuti parizvino hatinyatso nzwisisa kuti chii chaizvo chai shandiswa bhonzo iri, asi hazvisizvo zvingatipe kuti titi harina zvarinoreva. Vanhu veIshango vane zvavaifunga pavaka gadzira bhonzo iri. Zvakafanana nekuvakwa kwakaita Great Zimbabwe, hapana anonyatsoziva kuti chiratidzo ichi chakaveposei, huye nemhaka yei, asi hecho chakamira kuti tuzu zvisina anga ramba. Bhonzo reIshango rinoratidza kuti Africa yevatema haina kuzvara vanhu vekutanga bedzi, asi yakazvarawo kufunga kwesvomhu kwapamusoro soro.